berchtesgaden

- INTRODUCAO

Berchtesgaden é uma cidade alemã situada nos Alpes bávaros, no extremo sul da Alemanha e da Baviera, a 30 km ao sul de Salzburgo (Áustria).
Ao sul da cidade se encontra a terceira maior montanha (depois de Zugspitze 2962 m e de Hochwanner 2744 m) alemã, o monte Watzmann (2713 m).
Também nas proximidades pode-se encontrar a montanha do Kehlstein (1835 m), conhecida pelo « ninho da águia » (Kehlsteinhaus) no seu pico. O ninho da águia foi construído como presente pelos 50 anos de Adolf Hitler. Bombardeado pelos britânicos em abril de 1945, o Ninho da Águia seria ocupado, em seguida, pelos americanos, que descobriram preciosidades escondidas no bunker. Havia milhares de caixas de grandes safras de vinhos, roubadas dos franceses, e obras de arte pilhadas de colecionadores judeus. Para chegar ao cofre no qual as relíquias estavam guardadas, havia um elevador construído na rocha, com poltronas de veludo e folheado a ouro. Antes de abandonar o local, os nazistas quebraram a máquina e abandonaram as riquezas surrupiadas. Mas não conseguiram apagar a história. No fim da guerra não foi destruído, e ainda hoje pode-se admirar um belo panorama de lá.

- HISTORIA

Kehlsteinhaus
The Kehlsteinhaus (in English-speaking countries also known as the Eagle's Nest), is a chalet-style building which when built was an extension of the Obersalzberg complex built by the Nazis in the mountains near Berchtesgaden. The Kehlsteinhaus was an official 50th birthday present for Adolf Hitler. Nicknamed Eagle's Nest by a French diplomat, it was meant to be a retreat for Hitler and a place for him to entertain visiting dignitaries.

Construction and usage
The Kehlsteinhaus was commissioned by Martin Bormann, with construction proceeding over a 13-month period and it was completed in the summer of 1938, prior to its formal presentation to Hitler on his 50th birthday on April 20, 1939. It is situated on a ridge at the top of the Kehlstein mountain (1,834 m/6,017 ft), reached by a spectacular 6.5 km (3.9 mi) long and (4 m/13 ft) wide road that cost 30 million Reichsmarks to build (about 150 million euros in 2007, adjusted in line with inflation), it includes five tunnels but only one hairpin turn and climbs (800 m/2,300 ft).
The last 124 m (406 ft) up to the Kehlsteinhaus are reached by an elevator bored straight down through the mountain and linked via a tunnel through the granite below that is 124 m (406 ft) long. The inside of the large elevator car is surfaced with polished brass, Venetian mirrors and green leather (the elevator is still used daily). Construction of the mountain elevator system cost the lives of 12 construction workers [1]. The main reception room is dominated by a fireplace of red Italian marble, presented by Mussolini. Much of the furniture was designed by Paul Laszlo.
A significant event held at the Kehlsteinhaus was the wedding reception that followed the marriage of Eva Braun's sister Gretl to Hermann Fegelein on June 3, 1944. The event was filmed and amongst others Martin Bormann can be seen there. The building is also often called "Hitler's Tea House", but this is a misnomer. Hitler did not treat the Kehlsteinhaus as a tea house, and the location he visited daily for afternoon tea was actually the Mooslahnerkopf Teehaus.
Although the site is on the same mountain as the Berghof, Hitler rarely visited the property. It has been suggested he only visited the Kehlsteinhaus around 10 times, and most times for no more than 30 minutes. However he did receive the departing French ambassador to Germany André François-Poncet there on October 18, 1938. Perhaps because of the lack of close association with Hitler, the property was saved from demolition at the end of the war.

Allied capture
Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe and later President of the United States, wrote that the U.S. Army's 3rd Infantry Division was the first to take the Eagle's Nest.[2] In his interview with the Library of Congress, Herman Louis Finnell of the 3rd Division, 7th Regiment, Company I, stated that he and his ammo carrier, Pfc. Fungerburg, were the first to enter the Eagle's Nest, as well as the secret passages below the structure. Finnell stated that the hallway below the structure had rooms on either side filled with destroyed paintings, evening gowns, as well as destroyed medical equipment and a wine cellar.[3] General Maxwell D. Taylor, former Commanding General of the 101st Airborne Division, stated the same.[4] Photographs and newsreel footage show 3rd Infantry soldiers relaxing on the Eagle's Nest patio, "drinking Hitler's wine", affirming that they were present at the house in May 1945.[5]
Other groups claiming to be first there include Easy Company of the 2nd Battalion 506th Regiment, US 101st Airborne Division and the French 9th Armoured Company (which was composed of Spanish Republican volunteers). The Kehlsteinhaus' museum states that it was captured by a member unit of the US 101st Airborne Division and includes a picture of the unit's shoulder sleeve insignia.
French general Georges Buis claimed two free French officers of the 2nd Armoured Division, himself and Paul Repiton-Preneuf, were the first to arrive at the Kehlsteinhaus. He said the two arrived early in the morning and slipped away shortly thereafter when they saw both French and American troops arriving.[6]
According to a local guide, the Kehlsteinhaus was to be the aiming point of an Royal Air Force bombing raid on April 25, 1945. However the small house proved an elusive target and the Berghof area was targeted instead and severely damaged. Several anti-aircraft positions, the base plate of one of which is still discernible, were present about 100 m (330 ft) further up the ridge behind the Kehlsteinhaus.

Current use
The Kehlsteinhaus was subsequently used by the Allies as a military command post until 1960, when it was handed back to the State of Bavaria.
Today the building is owned by a charitable trust, and serves as a restaurant. The restaurant features an indoor dining area and an outdoor beer garden. It is a popular tourist attraction, particularly for British, Canadians and Americans attracted by the historical significance of the "Eagle's Nest". The house can be reached on foot (two hours of walking) or by bus from Obersalzberg, the road having been closed to normal traffic since 1952.
After the return of the Kehlsteinhaus to German hands, an information centre was built on the foot of the hill to remind the public of Hitler and his regime. The Kehlsteinhaus itself does not mention much about its past.
Informal tours of the Kehlsteinhaus are offered by a local guide to foreigners arriving by local bus at the lower elevator station. The tour is not offered in German, apparently a requirement due to previous trouble with neo-Nazis and post-war Nazi sympathisers.
The lower rooms are not part of the restaurant but can be visited with a guide. They offer spectacular views out of plate-glass windows; graffiti left by Allied troops is still clearly visible in the surrounding woodwork. A large fireplace in the restaurant itself shows severe damage along its lower edges where soldiers have smashed off small shards of marble as souvenirs. Hitler's small study is now a store room for the cafeteria.

- DADOS GERAIS
País Alemanha	Estado Baviera	Coordenadas geográficas 47° 37' 53" N 13° 0' 15" E47° 37' 53" N 13° 0' 15" E Área 34.78 km²	Altitude 520–1100 m
População 7649 (2007-06-30)

Berchtesgaden é uma cidade alemã situada nos Alpes bávaros, no extremo sul da Alemanha e da Baviera, a 30 km ao sul de Salzburgo (Áustria).	Ao sul da cidade se encontra a terceira maior montanha (depois de Zugspitze 2962 m e de Hochwanner 2744 m) alemã, o monte Watzmann (2713 m).	Também nas proximidades pode-se encontrar a montanha do Kehlstein (1835 m), conhecida pelo « ninho da águia » (Kehlsteinhaus) no seu pico. O ninho da águia foi construído como presente pelos 50 anos de Adolf Hitler. Bombardeado pelos britânicos em abril de 1945, o Ninho da Águia seria ocupado, em seguida, pelos americanos, que descobriram preciosidades escondidas no bunker.	Havia milhares de caixas de grandes safras de vinhos, roubadas dos franceses, e obras de arte pilhadas de colecionadores judeus. Para chegar ao cofre no qual as relíquias estavam guardadas, havia um elevador construído na rocha, com poltronas de veludo e folheado a ouro.	Antes de abandonar o local, os nazistas quebraram a máquina e abandonaram as riquezas surrupiadas. Mas não conseguiram apagar a história. No fim da guerra não foi destruído, e ainda hoje pode-se admirar um belo panorama de lá.	The Kehlsteinhaus (in English-speaking countries also known as the Eagle's Nest), is a chalet-style building which when built was an extension of the Obersalzberg complex built by the Nazis in the mountains near Berchtesgaden. The Kehlsteinhaus was an official 50th birthday present for Adolf Hitler. Nicknamed Eagle's Nest by a French diplomat, it was meant to be a retreat for Hitler and a place for him to entertain visiting dignitaries.	The Kehlsteinhaus was commissioned by Martin Bormann, with construction proceeding over a 13-month period and it was completed in the summer of 1938, prior to its formal presentation to Hitler on his 50th birthday on April 20, 1939. It is situated on a ridge at the top of the Kehlstein mountain (1,834 m/6,017 ft), reached by a spectacular 6.5 km (3.9 mi) long and (4 m/13 ft) wide road that cost 30 million Reichsmarks to build (about 150 million euros in 2007, adjusted in line with inflation), it includes five tunnels but only one hairpin turn and climbs (800 m/2,300 ft).



The last 124 m (406 ft) up to the Kehlsteinhaus are reached by an elevator bored straight down through the mountain and linked via a tunnel through the granite below that is 124 m (406 ft) long. The inside of the large elevator car is surfaced with polished brass, Venetian mirrors and green leather (the elevator is still used daily). Construction of the mountain elevator system cost the lives of 12 construction workers [1]. The main reception room is dominated by a fireplace of red Italian marble, presented by Mussolini. Much of the furniture was designed by Paul Laszlo.	A significant event held at the Kehlsteinhaus was the wedding reception that followed the marriage of Eva Braun's sister Gretl to Hermann Fegelein on June 3, 1944. The event was filmed and amongst others Martin Bormann can be seen there. The building is also often called "Hitler's Tea House", but this is a misnomer. Hitler did not treat the Kehlsteinhaus as a tea house, and the location he visited daily for afternoon tea was actually the Mooslahnerkopf Teehaus.	Although the site is on the same mountain as the Berghof, Hitler rarely visited the property. It has been suggested he only visited the Kehlsteinhaus around 10 times, and most times for no more than 30 minutes. However he did receive the departing French ambassador to Germany André François-Poncet there on October 18, 1938. Perhaps because of the lack of close association with Hitler, the property was saved from demolition at the end of the war.	Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe and later President of the United States, wrote that the U.S. Army's 3rd Infantry Division was the first to take the Eagle's Nest.[2] In his interview with the Library of Congress, Herman Louis Finnell of the 3rd Division, 7th Regiment, Company I, stated that he and his ammo carrier, Pfc. Fungerburg, were the first to enter the Eagle's Nest, as well as the secret passages below the structure.	Finnell stated that the hallway below the structure had rooms on either side filled with destroyed paintings, evening gowns, as well as destroyed medical equipment and a wine cellar.[3] General Maxwell D. Taylor, former Commanding General of the 101st Airborne Division, stated the same.[4] Photographs and newsreel footage show 3rd Infantry soldiers relaxing on the Eagle's Nest patio, "drinking Hitler's wine", affirming that they were present at the house in May 1945	Other groups claiming to be first there include Easy Company of the 2nd Battalion 506th Regiment, US 101st Airborne Division and the French 9th Armoured Company (which was composed of Spanish Republican volunteers). The Kehlsteinhaus' museum states that it was captured by a member unit of the US 101st Airborne Division and includes a picture of the unit's shoulder sleeve insignia.	French general Georges Buis claimed two free French officers of the 2nd Armoured Division, himself and Paul Repiton-Preneuf, were the first to arrive at the Kehlsteinhaus. He said the two arrived early in the morning and slipped away shortly thereafter when they saw both French and American troops arriving.[6]	According to a local guide, the Kehlsteinhaus was to be the aiming point of an Royal Air Force bombing raid on April 25, 1945. However the small house proved an elusive target and the Berghof area was targeted instead and severely damaged. Several anti-aircraft positions, the base plate of one of which is still discernible, were present about 100 m (330 ft) further up the ridge behind the Kehlsteinhaus.
The Kehlsteinhaus was subsequently used by the Allies as a military command post until 1960, when it was handed back to the State of Bavaria.	Today the building is owned by a charitable trust, and serves as a restaurant. The restaurant features an indoor dining area and an outdoor beer garden. It is a popular tourist attraction, particularly for British, Canadians and Americans attracted by the historical significance of the "Eagle's Nest". The house can be reached on foot (two hours of walking) or by bus from Obersalzberg, the road having been closed to normal traffic since 1952.	After the return of the Kehlsteinhaus to German hands, an information centre was built on the foot of the hill to remind the public of Hitler and his regime. The Kehlsteinhaus itself does not mention much about its past.	Informal tours of the Kehlsteinhaus are offered by a local guide to foreigners arriving by local bus at the lower elevator station. The tour is not offered in German, apparently a requirement due to previous trouble with neo-Nazis and post-war Nazi sympathisers.	The lower rooms are not part of the restaurant but can be visited with a guide. They offer spectacular views out of plate-glass windows; graffiti left by Allied troops is still clearly visible in the surrounding woodwork. A large fireplace in the restaurant itself shows severe damage along its lower edges where soldiers have smashed off small shards of marble as souvenirs. Hitler's small study is now a store room for the cafeteria.
ASCII

				ASCII			ASCII
						ASCII